Chemistry
Martin Burke is moonshooting for automated chemistry synthesis. Most chemicals are made very inflexibly. Basically, chemists start with a chemical to synthesize, then do a bunch of trials and errors until they get a synthesis receipe that is just cheap and with a high enough yield to be useful.
Human chemists planning a synthesis tend to use a technique called retrosynthetic analysis. They draw the finished molecule and then pick it apart, erasing bonds that would be easy to form and leaving fragments of molecule that are stable or readily available.

