Someone asked about the orbit of the car launched by the rocket Falcon Heavy in February 2018, and it said that
After orbiting the Earth for 6 hours, a third-stage burn-to-depletion was completed at approximately 02:30 UTC Feb 7, placing the dummy payload in a heliocentric orbit having a perihelion of 0.99 au and aphelion ~1.7 au.and I thought, wait a pony picking minute, 0.99 au? Isn't earth "exactly" 1 au away from sun? Surely, the car got launched by accelerating from LEO, so when it enters the heliocentric orbit, its perihelion must be almost exactly the same as earth-sun distance.
Well, it's not precisely 1 au, and earth's orbit around the sun has eccentricity... Fermi estimate time!!!
- Earth's temperature is in equilibrium with the sun's radiation. Earth's temperature is around 300K, with variations of about 2K sufficient to cause significant climate change. Source: climate change scientists say that 2 degrees will cause great change, enough to cause an ice age or an ice-less age, something the Paris Agreement is trying to prevent.
- $\frac{2}{300} = 0.7\%$, so that's the variation in temperature. Consider then the black-body radiation law, which is $\P \prop T^4$, so the variation in power is $0.7\% / 3 = 0.2\%$.
- The power input from the sun to earth is $P \prop R^{-2}$ where $R$ is the distance from the sun to earth.
- So the variation in $R$ is $0.2\% / 2 = 0.1\%$. That means the eccentricity is about $0.1\%=0.001$
What's the right answer?
The present eccentricity is 0.017 and decreasing.Well, that was a fail...
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